With the increasing sophistication of cyber threats, safeguarding our networks from unauthorized access, data breaches, and malicious attacks has never been more vital.
One of the fundamental pillars of network security lies in the effective implementation of security protocols. These protocols serve as the guardians of our digital infrastructure, providing the necessary mechanisms to authenticate, encrypt, and protect our data as it traverses the intricate web of networks.
In this article, we will embark on a comprehensive exploration of network security protocols. Our journey will delve into the realm of cutting-edge technology, demystifying the essential tools and measures that ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our network resources.
By gaining a deeper understanding of network security protocols, you will be equipped with the knowledge to establish a robust defense against evolving cyber threats. Whether you are a network administrator, a security enthusiast, or simply someone with a curiosity for the inner workings of the digital realm, this article will serve as your guide to the world of network security protocols.
Together, we will unravel the intricate tapestry of authentication, encryption, access control, and data integrity, discovering the mechanisms that underpin the secure operation of our networks. From traditional protocols that have withstood the test of time to cutting-edge innovations that address the challenges of the modern digital landscape, we will explore the diverse range of network security protocols available.
Join us as we navigate through the vast landscape of network security, empowering you with the knowledge to safeguard your network assets, protect sensitive data, and maintain the trust of your users. Together, we will build a solid foundation of network security, ensuring that the interconnected world we rely on remains a safe and secure environment for all.
Contents
List of network security protocols
| Protocol Name | Description |
|---|---|
| IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) | IPsec is a protocol suite that provides secure communication over IP networks. It authenticates and encrypts the network packets, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data transmitted between devices. IPsec is widely used in virtual private networks (VPNs) and remote access scenarios to establish secure connections. |
| SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) | SSL/TLS are cryptographic protocols used to secure data transmission over the internet. They provide encryption, data integrity, and authentication between client-server connections. SSL/TLS is commonly used in HTTPS websites, email services, and other applications requiring secure communication. |
| SSH (Secure Shell) | SSH is a network protocol that enables secure remote access and command execution on remote devices. It encrypts the communication between the client and the server, protecting against eavesdropping and tampering. SSH is widely used for secure shell sessions, secure file transfers (SFTP/SCP), and remote administration of servers. |
| WPA/WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access) | WPA/WPA2 are security protocols used to protect wireless networks. They provide encryption and authentication mechanisms to secure Wi-Fi communications. WPA2 is more secure than WPA, as it uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm. These protocols prevent unauthorized access, protect data privacy, and ensure secure communication between Wi-Fi devices. |
| DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) | DNSSEC is a protocol extension to the DNS (Domain Name System) that adds an additional layer of security to domain name resolution. It uses digital signatures and cryptographic keys to verify the authenticity and integrity of DNS data. DNSSEC protects against DNS cache poisoning attacks, ensuring the reliability and trustworthiness of DNS responses. |
| IKEv2 (Internet Key Exchange version 2) | IKEv2 is a key management protocol used in IPsec VPNs. It establishes and manages secure associations between devices, enabling the exchange of encryption keys and negotiation of security parameters. IKEv2 provides robust security, resiliency to network changes, and supports mobile devices that frequently switch networks. It is widely adopted for VPN deployments on various platforms. |
| Kerberos | Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that provides secure authentication between clients and servers. It uses symmetric key cryptography and a trusted third-party Key Distribution Center (KDC) to verify user identities and grant access to resources. Kerberos prevents unauthorized access and protects against password-based attacks, ensuring secure user authentication in networked environments. |
| SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) | SNMP is a protocol used for network management and monitoring. It allows network administrators to manage devices, monitor performance, and collect information from networked devices. SNMP employs community strings and authentication mechanisms to ensure authorized access to devices and prevent unauthorized configuration changes. It is commonly used in network monitoring systems. |
| RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) | RADIUS is a client-server protocol used for centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) in network environments. It enables secure authentication for remote users connecting to network access servers, such as VPN gateways or wireless access points. RADIUS ensures user accountability, restricts unauthorized access, and tracks usage statistics for billing or auditing purposes. |
| OAuth (Open Authorization) | OAuth is an authorization framework used to grant access to protected resources on behalf of a user without sharing their credentials. It allows users to authenticate with one service and authorize third-party applications to access their data or perform actions on their behalf. OAuth enhances security by reducing the risk of password theft and providing fine-grained access control over user data. |
| S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) | S/MIME is a protocol that provides secure email communication by adding digital signatures and encryption to email messages. It ensures message integrity, sender authentication, and confidentiality of email content. S/MIME is widely supported by email clients and enables secure communication for both individuals and organizations, protecting sensitive information transmitted via email. |
| PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) | PGP is an encryption and digital signing protocol used for secure email communication. It uses asymmetric encryption, digital certificates, and trust models to provide confidentiality and message integrity. PGP ensures that only the intended recipients can read the message and verifies the authenticity of the sender. It is widely used for secure email communication and file encryption. |
| AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) | AES is a widely used symmetric encryption algorithm that provides strong security for data at rest and in transit. It is a symmetric block cipher, meaning the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. AES has different key lengths, with AES-256 being the most secure variant. AES is adopted in various protocols, including IPsec, SSL/TLS, and Wi-Fi security, to ensure secure data encryption. |
| SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) | SHA-2 is a family of cryptographic hash functions used for data integrity and digital signatures. It includes hash functions such as SHA-256 and SHA-512, which produce hash values of fixed sizes. SHA-2 is widely used in various security protocols and applications to verify data integrity and prevent tampering. It is considered more secure than its predecessor, SHA-1. |
| PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) | PPTP is a VPN protocol that allows secure communication between remote clients and private networks over the internet. It encapsulates network traffic within PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) packets and adds encryption for confidentiality. PPTP is widely supported but has known vulnerabilities, so it is recommended to use more secure VPN protocols, such as IPsec or OpenVPN. |
| OpenVPN | OpenVPN is an open-source VPN protocol that provides secure communication over the internet. It uses a custom security protocol based on SSL/TLS for key exchange, encryption, and authentication. OpenVPN is highly configurable, platform-independent, and supports various encryption algorithms. It is widely adopted as a secure VPN solution for remote access and site-to-site connections. |
| MACsec (Media Access Control Security) | MACsec is a security standard for wired Ethernet networks. It provides encryption and integrity protection for Ethernet frames, ensuring secure communication between network devices. MACsec operates at the MAC layer and can be used to secure connections between switches, routers, and other network devices. It prevents eavesdropping and unauthorized access to network traffic. |
| EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) | EAP is an authentication framework used in wireless and point-to-point networks. It provides a method for secure authentication between clients and network access servers. EAP allows for various authentication methods, such as passwords, digital certificates, or token-based authentication. EAP is widely used in Wi-Fi networks and VPNs to establish secure connections with user authentication. |
| SSL VPN (Secure Socket Layer Virtual Private Network) | SSL VPN is a VPN protocol that enables secure remote access to private networks using SSL/TLS encryption. It allows users to access network resources through a web browser or dedicated client without requiring additional software. SSL VPNs provide secure connectivity for remote users and are commonly used in remote work scenarios to access internal resources securely. |
| IEEE 802.1X | IEEE 802.1X is a port-based network access control standard. It provides an authentication framework for controlling access to network ports based on user identity or device characteristics. IEEE 802.1X is commonly used in wired and wireless networks to ensure that only authorized devices or users can access the network, preventing unauthorized access and ensuring network security. |
| IPsec VPN (Internet Protocol Security Virtual Private Network) | IPsec VPN is a type of VPN that uses the IPsec protocol suite to provide secure communication over IP networks. It encrypts and authenticates network traffic between remote sites, ensuring privacy and data integrity. IPsec VPNs are widely used for secure remote access, site-to-site connectivity, and branch office connectivity in enterprise networks. |
| L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) | L2TP is a VPN protocol that combines the best features of PPTP and Cisco’s Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) protocol. It provides secure tunneling of data over the internet and can work with various encryption protocols. L2TP is commonly used for remote access VPNs and supports multiple operating systems and devices. However, it is recommended to use it in conjunction with IPsec for better security. |
| TLS 1.3 (Transport Layer Security 1.3) | TLS 1.3 is the latest version of the TLS protocol, used for secure communication over the internet. It provides enhanced security and performance compared to previous versions. TLS 1.3 includes improvements in key exchange, cipher suites, and handshake mechanisms, reducing the risk of attacks and ensuring secure communication between clients and servers. |
| WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) | WEP is a deprecated wireless network security protocol that was used to secure early Wi-Fi networks. It provides basic encryption for wireless communications but has known vulnerabilities. WEP is no longer considered secure and should be avoided. It is recommended to use more robust security protocols, such as WPA2 or WPA3, to protect Wi-Fi networks against unauthorized access. |
| DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security) | DTLS is a version of TLS that is designed for secure communication over datagram transport protocols, such as UDP. It provides encryption, integrity, and authentication for datagram-based applications. DTLS is commonly used in scenarios where reliable transport protocols, such as TCP, are not suitable, but security is still required, such as real-time communication or IoT devices. |
| SMB (Server Message Block) | SMB is a network protocol used for file and printer sharing in Windows networks. It provides access to shared resources, such as files, printers, and named pipes, over a network. SMB supports various authentication methods and encryption options to ensure secure file sharing and access control. However, older versions of SMB have known vulnerabilities, and it is recommended to use the latest versions with secure configurations. |
| GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) | GPG is an open-source implementation of the OpenPGP standard used for email encryption and digital signatures. It provides confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of email messages, similar to PGP. GPG is widely used for secure email communication and file encryption, offering strong cryptographic protection and interoperability with various email clients and PGP implementations. |
| RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) | RDP is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft for remote desktop access and control. It allows users to connect to a remote computer and interact with its desktop environment. RDP supports encryption and authentication mechanisms to secure remote sessions, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information. However, it is important to keep RDP clients and servers updated to address security vulnerabilities. |
| SRTP (Secure Real-time Transport Protocol) | SRTP is a security framework used to protect real-time communication protocols, such as Voice over IP (VoIP) and video conferencing. It provides encryption, message authentication, and integrity for multimedia data transmitted over IP networks. SRTP ensures the confidentiality of conversations and prevents eavesdropping or tampering of real-time communication. |
| IKEv1 (Internet Key Exchange version 1) | IKEv1 is an older version of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol used in IPsec VPNs. It establishes secure associations and negotiates security parameters between devices. While IKEv1 is still supported in some environments, it has known vulnerabilities. It is recommended to use IKEv2 or more recent versions of IKE for better security and compatibility with modern VPN deployments. |
| CAPWAP (Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points) | CAPWAP is a network protocol used to control and manage wireless access points (APs) in a centralized manner. It provides configuration, firmware updates, and monitoring capabilities for APs in wireless networks. CAPWAP supports encryption and authentication mechanisms to ensure secure communication between the wireless controller and APs, protecting against unauthorized access and tampering. |
| EAP-TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol – Transport Layer Security) | EAP-TLS is an EAP method that uses TLS for secure authentication in wireless networks. It combines digital certificates and mutual authentication to ensure the identity of both the client and the server. EAP-TLS provides strong security and is commonly used in enterprise Wi-Fi networks to authenticate users and devices securely. |
| SMTPS (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure) | SMTPS is a secure version of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) used for email transmission. It adds SSL/TLS encryption to SMTP, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of email communications. SMTPS is commonly used by mail servers and clients to establish secure connections and protect sensitive information transmitted via email. |
| SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) | SFTP is a secure file transfer protocol that provides secure file transfer and remote file management capabilities over SSH. It combines the security features of SSH, such as encryption and authentication, with file transfer functionality. SFTP ensures the secure exchange of files between clients and servers, protecting data privacy and preventing unauthorized access. |
| HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) | HSTS is a web security policy mechanism that enforces the use of HTTPS (HTTP over SSL/TLS) for secure communication between web browsers and servers. It instructs web browsers to always connect to a website using HTTPS, protecting against certain types of attacks, such as protocol downgrade or man-in-the-middle attacks. HSTS improves the overall security of web applications and user data. |
| BGPsec (Border Gateway Protocol Security) | BGPsec is an extension to the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) used in internet routing. It provides cryptographic verification of BGP route announcements, ensuring the integrity and authenticity of routing information exchanged between autonomous systems. BGPsec prevents route hijacking and improves the security and resilience of the global routing infrastructure. |
| IPSec/IKEv2 | IPsec/IKEv2 is a combination of IPsec and IKEv2 protocols used in VPN deployments. IPsec provides secure IP packet transmission, while IKEv2 handles the negotiation and management of cryptographic keys and security parameters. IPsec/IKEv2 ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data transmitted between VPN endpoints, offering robust security for remote access and site-to-site connections. |
| SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) | SNTP is a simplified version of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) used to synchronize time across computer networks. SNTP provides a basic mechanism for time synchronization but lacks certain security features of NTP, such as authentication. To ensure secure and accurate time synchronization, it is recommended to use NTP with proper security measures, such as NTP authentication and access control. |
| MAC Filtering | MAC filtering is a security mechanism used in wireless networks to control access based on the MAC addresses of network devices. It allows administrators to specify which devices are allowed or denied access to the network based on their unique MAC addresses. MAC filtering provides an additional layer of access control but should not be solely relied upon as the sole security measure. |
| STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) | STP is a network protocol used to prevent loops and ensure loop-free topology in Ethernet networks. It provides a mechanism to select and maintain a loop-free path between switches. While STP is not primarily a security protocol, its proper configuration and protection against STP-based attacks, such as BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) manipulation, are essential for network security. |
| DHCP Snooping | DHCP snooping is a security feature that prevents unauthorized DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) servers from providing IP addresses to network devices. It ensures that only trusted DHCP servers can assign IP addresses, mitigating the risk of rogue DHCP servers and potential network attacks. DHCP snooping adds an additional layer of security to prevent unauthorized network configuration. |
| MACsec over EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN) | MACsec over EAPOL is a combination of MACsec and EAPOL used in wired networks to provide secure communication at the MAC layer. It enables encryption and integrity protection for Ethernet frames transmitted over the network. MACsec over EAPOL prevents unauthorized access, eavesdropping, and tampering of network traffic, ensuring secure wired communication. |
| RADIUS CoA (RADIUS Change of Authorization) | RADIUS CoA is an extension to the RADIUS protocol that allows for dynamic changes in user authorization and session control. It enables network administrators to modify user access rights, reauthenticate users, or terminate sessions in real-time. RADIUS CoA enhances network security by providing immediate response and control over user access, improving security and resource management. |
| L2TP/IPsec (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol/Internet Protocol Security) | L2TP/IPsec combines the features of L2TP and IPsec protocols to provide secure VPN connections. L2TP provides the tunneling mechanism, while IPsec handles encryption and authentication. L2TP/IPsec ensures secure remote access and site-to-site connectivity, protecting against unauthorized access and eavesdropping. It is widely supported and compatible with various operating systems and devices. |
| DNS over TLS (Domain Name System over Transport Layer Security) | DNS over TLS is a security enhancement to the DNS protocol that adds encryption and authentication. It allows DNS queries and responses to be transmitted over a TLS-encrypted connection, protecting against eavesdropping and tampering. DNS over TLS enhances privacy and security by ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of DNS communications between clients and servers. |
| GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) | GRE is a tunneling protocol used to encapsulate various network protocols and transmit them over IP networks. GRE provides a mechanism for creating virtual private networks (VPNs) or establishing point-to-point connections between network devices. While GRE itself does not provide encryption or authentication, it can be used in conjunction with other security protocols to create secure tunnels. |
| PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) | PAP is an authentication protocol used in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) connections. It sends the username and password in plaintext, making it a weak authentication method. PAP is considered insecure and should be avoided whenever possible. More secure authentication methods, such as CHAP or EAP, should be used to ensure the confidentiality of credentials and protect against unauthorized access. |
| RDP Gateway (Remote Desktop Gateway) | RDP Gateway is a component of the Remote Desktop Services (RDS) in Windows Server. It provides secure remote access to desktops and applications over the internet. RDP Gateway encrypts RDP traffic and acts as a gateway, controlling access to internal resources. It enables secure remote access while ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of RDP sessions and data transmitted over the network. |
| DoS/DDoS Mitigation | DoS (Denial of Service) and DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) mitigation techniques are used to protect networks from overwhelming traffic and service disruptions. These techniques involve various methods such as traffic filtering, rate limiting, traffic redirection, and distributed traffic analysis to identify and block malicious traffic. DoS/DDoS mitigation ensures network availability and protects against service interruptions. |
| IP Filtering | IP filtering, also known as access control lists (ACLs), is a mechanism used to filter network traffic based on IP addresses or other IP-related attributes. It allows network administrators to permit or deny specific traffic based on predefined rules. IP filtering adds an additional layer of security by controlling access to network resources and mitigating potential network threats and attacks. |
| WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) | WPA3 is the latest security standard for Wi-Fi networks, providing enhanced security features compared to WPA2. It introduces stronger encryption, individualized data encryption, and protection against brute-force attacks. WPA3 improves the security of Wi-Fi networks, ensuring the privacy and integrity of wireless communications and protecting against various types of attacks. |
| SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) | SAML is an XML-based standard used for exchanging authentication and authorization information between security domains. It enables single sign-on (SSO) and federated identity management by allowing identity providers to assert user identities and attributes to service providers. SAML enhances security and simplifies access control in distributed systems and web applications. |
| HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) | HTTPS is a secure version of the HTTP protocol used for secure communication between web browsers and servers. It combines HTTP with SSL/TLS encryption to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data exchanged over the internet. HTTPS protects against eavesdropping, tampering, and impersonation, enhancing the security of web applications and protecting sensitive user data. |
| VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) | VLAN is a logical network segmentation technique that separates network traffic into different virtual LANs. It provides isolation and segmentation of network resources, improving security and network performance. VLANs ensure that only authorized devices can communicate within a specific VLAN, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and mitigating the impact of network-based attacks. |
| AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) | AAA is a framework that combines authentication, authorization, and accounting mechanisms to control access to network resources. It ensures that only authenticated users or devices can access network services and resources. AAA provides accountability and auditing capabilities by tracking user activities and resource usage, enhancing network security and facilitating access control in network environments. |
| PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) | PKI is a system that provides the infrastructure for managing digital certificates and cryptographic keys. It enables secure communication, digital signatures, and authentication by using public and private key pairs. PKI ensures trust, confidentiality, and integrity in various security protocols, such as SSL/TLS, IPsec, and S/MIME. It is the foundation for secure communication in many public and private networks. |
| ARP Spoofing Protection | ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) spoofing protection mechanisms prevent unauthorized manipulation or impersonation of MAC addresses in local networks. They detect and mitigate ARP spoofing attacks, which can lead to network breaches and traffic interception. ARP spoofing protection techniques ensure the integrity and security of local network communications and prevent unauthorized access to network resources. |
| ACL (Access Control List) | ACL is a set of rules or filters that control access to network resources based on predefined criteria. ACLs can be applied to routers, switches, firewalls, or other network devices. They specify what traffic is allowed or denied, providing an additional layer of access control and network security. ACLs enhance network security by limiting unauthorized access and preventing network-based attacks. |
| DNS Filtering | DNS filtering is a technique used to control and filter DNS queries and responses based on predefined policies. It can be used to block access to malicious or undesirable websites, prevent malware infections, and enforce content filtering policies. DNS filtering enhances network security and helps protect users from accessing potentially harmful or inappropriate content. |
| Stealth Mode | Stealth mode is a network security feature that hides a device or network from unauthorized access. It enables a device to be invisible or less detectable to potential attackers by suppressing responses to certain network probes or requests. Stealth mode adds an extra layer of protection by reducing the device’s exposure to potential threats and limiting the information available to attackers. |
| ICMP Filtering | ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) filtering is a mechanism that selectively allows or denies ICMP traffic based on predefined rules. It can be used to control the flow of ICMP messages, such as ping requests or error messages, to protect against certain types of attacks or network scanning techniques. ICMP filtering enhances network security by limiting the exposure of network devices to potential threats. |
| SSL Stripping Protection | SSL stripping is an attack technique where an attacker intercepts HTTPS connections and downgrades them to unencrypted HTTP connections. SSL stripping protection mechanisms detect and prevent such attacks by forcing HTTPS connections and redirecting insecure HTTP requests. SSL stripping protection ensures the integrity and security of web communications by preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information. |
| Firewall | A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks, preventing unauthorized access and protecting against network-based threats. Firewalls enhance network security by enforcing access control and traffic filtering policies. |
| NAC (Network Access Control) | NAC is a network security solution that enforces policy-based access control to ensure that only authorized and compliant devices can connect to a network. It verifies the security posture of devices, authenticates users, and enforces security policies before granting network access. NAC enhances network security by preventing unauthorized access and enforcing security standards across the network. |
| SIP Security (Session Initiation Protocol Security) | SIP security mechanisms protect the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), used for initiating and managing communication sessions in VoIP networks. SIP security includes authentication, encryption, and integrity protection to prevent unauthorized access, eavesdropping, and tampering of SIP messages. SIP security ensures the confidentiality and integrity of voice and multimedia communications over IP networks. |
| Wireless Intrusion Detection System (WIDS) | A Wireless Intrusion Detection System (WIDS) is a security solution that monitors wireless networks for unauthorized access points, rogue devices, and suspicious network activity. WIDS uses various techniques, such as packet inspection, anomaly detection, and signature-based detection, to identify potential security threats and attacks in wireless networks. WIDS enhances the security posture of wireless networks and mitigates potential risks. |
| PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) | PFS is a security feature that ensures that a unique session key is used for each session, even if the long-term encryption key is compromised. It provides additional protection by preventing the compromise of past or future sessions if the encryption key is compromised. PFS enhances the security of protocols such as SSL/TLS and IPsec, making it more difficult for attackers to decrypt captured traffic. |
| Web Application Firewall (WAF) | A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is a security solution that protects web applications from a variety of attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and application-layer DDoS attacks. WAFs analyze HTTP/HTTPS traffic, detect and block malicious requests, and enforce security policies specific to web applications. WAFs enhance the security and availability of web applications by mitigating potential threats. |
| Proxy Server | A proxy server acts as an intermediary between client devices and the internet. It receives and forwards requests from clients to servers and vice versa. Proxy servers can provide security features such as content filtering, caching, and anonymization. They can enhance security by hiding the client’s IP address, filtering malicious content, and reducing the direct exposure of internal network resources to the internet. |
| Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) | Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) adds an extra layer of security to user authentication by requiring two independent forms of identification. It typically combines something the user knows (e.g., password) with something the user possesses (e.g., smartphone or hardware token) or something the user is (e.g., biometric data). 2FA enhances security by reducing the risk of password-based attacks and unauthorized access to user accounts. |
| RADIUS/TACACS+ | RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) and TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus) are authentication, authorization, and accounting protocols used in network environments. They provide centralized authentication and access control for users connecting to network devices or services. RADIUS and TACACS+ enhance security by ensuring that only authorized users can access network resources and tracking user activity. |
| Honeypot | A honeypot is a decoy system or network designed to attract potential attackers. It simulates vulnerable systems or services to divert and gather information about attackers and their techniques. Honeypots enable security professionals to analyze attack patterns, identify new threats, and gather intelligence about potential attackers, enhancing the overall security posture of a network or organization. |
| SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) | SIEM is a security solution that combines security information management (SIM) and security event management (SEM) capabilities. It collects and analyzes log data from various sources, such as network devices, servers, and security systems, to identify security incidents and threats. SIEM enhances security by providing real-time monitoring, threat detection, and incident response capabilities in complex network environments. |
| Secure Boot | Secure Boot is a security feature that ensures the integrity and authenticity of the boot process of a device or operating system. It verifies the digital signatures of bootloader components and prevents the execution of unauthorized or tampered code during the boot process. Secure Boot protects against bootloader-level attacks and helps prevent the execution of malicious software, enhancing the security of the system. |
| Content Filtering | Content filtering is a mechanism used to control and restrict access to certain types of content on the internet. It can be used to block websites with inappropriate or malicious content, prevent access to specific categories or URLs, or enforce compliance with company policies. Content filtering enhances network security and helps protect users from accessing potentially harmful or undesirable content. |
| Threat Intelligence | Threat intelligence refers to information about potential or existing threats, including attacker tactics, techniques, and indicators of compromise (IOCs). Threat intelligence provides insights into emerging threats and helps organizations proactively defend against cyber attacks. It includes data from various sources, such as security researchers, industry reports, and global security communities. Threat intelligence enhances the effectiveness of security measures and incident response. |
| Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) | A Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) is a security solution that not only detects but also actively prevents unauthorized access points, rogue devices, and suspicious activities in wireless networks. WIPS combines intrusion detection techniques with automated countermeasures, such as blocking or deauthentication, to mitigate potential wireless network attacks and maintain network security. |
| Network Segmentation | Network segmentation is the process of dividing a network into smaller, isolated segments or subnetworks. Each segment operates independently and has its own security policies and controls. Network segmentation improves security by limiting the lateral movement of threats, reducing the impact of potential breaches, and providing granular access control within the network. It helps contain and mitigate the effects of network-based attacks. |
| Secure Shell (SSH) Key Pair Authentication | SSH key pair authentication is a secure method of authenticating SSH connections using public-key cryptography. It involves generating a key pair consisting of a public key and a private key. The public key is placed on the server, while the private key remains on the client device. SSH key pair authentication enhances security by eliminating the need to transmit passwords over the network, providing stronger authentication and reducing the risk of password-based attacks. |
| Protocol Name | Description |
|---|---|
| SNMPv3 (Simple Network Management Protocol version 3) | SNMPv3 is an enhanced version of SNMP that provides secure management and monitoring of network devices. It includes features such as authentication, encryption, and access control, ensuring that only authorized users can access and manage network resources. SNMPv3 offers improved security over earlier versions of SNMP and is widely used for network management in enterprise environments. |
| PFSense Firewall | pfSense is an open-source firewall and routing software based on FreeBSD. It provides a robust and customizable firewall solution with features such as stateful packet filtering, VPN support, traffic shaping, and intrusion detection and prevention. pfSense is known for its user-friendly interface and extensive community support, making it a popular choice for securing network infrastructure and ensuring network reliability. |
| IKEv2/IPsec | IKEv2/IPsec is a combination of the IKEv2 key management protocol and the IPsec encryption protocol used in VPN deployments. IKEv2 provides secure key exchange and negotiation, while IPsec handles encryption and authentication. This combination ensures secure communication and data protection in VPN connections, offering strong security and high performance for remote access and site-to-site connectivity. |
| WEP2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) | WEP2 is an enhanced version of the WEP security protocol used to secure wireless networks. It addresses the vulnerabilities found in the original WEP protocol by using stronger encryption algorithms and providing improved key management. While WEP2 provides better security than WEP, it is still considered less secure than WPA2 or WPA3. It is recommended to use WPA2 or WPA3 for stronger wireless network security. |
| TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System) | TACACS is an older authentication protocol used to control access to network devices. It provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for network administrators and users. TACACS uses a separate authentication server to verify user credentials, ensuring secure access to network resources. While TACACS is less commonly used today, it is still supported in some legacy environments and can be an alternative to RADIUS for certain network authentication requirements. |
| IP Filtering (ACL) | IP filtering, also known as Access Control Lists (ACLs), is a mechanism used to control and filter network traffic based on IP addresses or other IP-related attributes. ACLs allow administrators to define rules that permit or deny specific traffic, enhancing network security by restricting access to network resources. IP filtering is commonly implemented in routers, switches, and firewalls to enforce network access policies and protect against unauthorized access and potential threats. |
| Secure DNS (DNSSEC) | Secure DNS, also known as DNSSEC, is a security extension to the DNS (Domain Name System) that adds an additional layer of security to domain name resolution. It uses digital signatures and cryptographic keys to verify the authenticity and integrity of DNS data, preventing DNS cache poisoning attacks and ensuring the reliability and trustworthiness of DNS responses. Secure DNS enhances security by mitigating DNS-related attacks and protecting against unauthorized DNS modifications. |
| Network Address Translation (NAT) | Network Address Translation (NAT) is a technique used to modify IP addresses in network packets as they pass through a router or firewall. NAT allows multiple devices within a private network to share a single public IP address, providing a layer of security by hiding internal IP addresses from the public internet. NAT helps conserve IPv4 addresses and acts as a basic firewall by preventing direct external access to internal network devices. |
| HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) | HMAC is a cryptographic algorithm used for message authentication. It combines a cryptographic hash function with a secret key to generate a unique hash value for a given message. HMAC ensures the integrity and authenticity of data by verifying that the message has not been tampered with during transmission. HMAC is commonly used in protocols such as IPsec, SSL/TLS, and SSH to provide secure data communication and protect against data tampering and forgery. |
| IPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface) | IPMI is a standardized interface used for managing and monitoring computer systems, especially servers, remotely. It provides out-of-band management capabilities, allowing administrators to access and control system functions even when the operating system is unresponsive. IPMI supports secure communication with encryption and authentication, ensuring that only authorized users can access and manage the system. IPMI enhances system security and simplifies remote management in data center environments. |
| RADIUS CoA (Change of Authorization) | RADIUS CoA (Change of Authorization) is an extension to the RADIUS protocol that allows for dynamic changes in user authorization and session control. It enables network administrators to modify user access rights, reauthenticate users, or terminate sessions in real-time. RADIUS CoA enhances network security by providing immediate response and control over user access, improving security and resource management in network environments. |
| SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Security | SCADA security focuses on protecting critical infrastructure systems used in industrial control systems. It includes measures to safeguard supervisory control systems, data acquisition networks, and associated devices from cyber threats. SCADA security solutions employ techniques such as network segmentation, intrusion detection, and access control to prevent unauthorized access and protect against potential disruptions to critical infrastructure networks. |
| BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) | BFD is a network protocol used to detect faults and quickly identify link failures in IP networks. It provides rapid detection and reporting of network failures, allowing network devices to take immediate action to reroute traffic or adjust network settings. BFD enhances network availability and reduces network downtime by enabling fast link failure detection and recovery in dynamic network environments. |
| SMTP-TLS (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol over Transport Layer Security) | SMTP-TLS is an extension of the SMTP protocol that adds transport layer security for secure email transmission. It uses SSL/TLS encryption to protect email communications, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of messages exchanged between email servers. SMTP-TLS enhances email security by preventing eavesdropping and tampering, mitigating the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive email content. |
| NIDS (Network Intrusion Detection System) | NIDS is a security system that monitors network traffic for suspicious activities, intrusions, and security threats. It analyzes network packets, looking for known patterns or behaviors associated with attacks or anomalies. NIDS can identify and alert administrators about potential security breaches, enabling them to take prompt action. NIDS enhances network security by detecting and responding to network-based threats and attacks in real-time. |
| CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) Security | CoAP is a lightweight protocol designed for resource-constrained devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. CoAP security focuses on ensuring secure communication and data exchange between IoT devices and servers. It includes mechanisms such as DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security) for encryption, authentication, and integrity protection of CoAP messages, safeguarding IoT communications and preventing unauthorized access or data tampering in IoT deployments. |
| Secure Copy (SCP) | SCP is a secure file transfer protocol based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. It provides secure copying of files between hosts over a network. SCP uses SSH for authentication and encryption, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of transferred files. SCP enhances security by protecting sensitive data during file transfers and preventing unauthorized access or interception of files. |
| PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2) | PBKDF2 is a key derivation function used to strengthen the security of passwords. It applies cryptographic algorithms, such as hashing and salting, to passwords to generate stronger and more resilient encryption keys. PBKDF2 makes it computationally expensive for attackers to guess passwords through brute-force or dictionary attacks. PBKDF2 enhances password security and helps protect against password-based attacks and data breaches. |
| HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) | HSRP is a redundancy protocol used in computer networks to provide failover and high availability for routers. It allows multiple routers to work in a virtual router group, with one router serving as the active router and others as standby routers. HSRP ensures continuous network operation by quickly and transparently transitioning the standby router to the active role if the active router fails. HSRP enhances network reliability and minimizes service interruptions due to router failures. |
| Kerberos Authentication | Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that uses symmetric key cryptography to provide secure authentication for client-server applications. It allows users and services to prove their identities to each other across an insecure network. Kerberos authentication eliminates the need to transmit passwords over the network, enhancing security and preventing password-based attacks, such as password sniffing or replay attacks. Kerberos is widely used in enterprise environments for secure authentication and single sign-on (SSO) capabilities. |
| DNS Filtering (Content Filtering) | DNS filtering, also known as content filtering, is a mechanism used to control and restrict access to specific types of content on the internet. It uses DNS queries to identify and block requests to undesirable or malicious websites. DNS filtering enhances security by preventing users from accessing potentially harmful or inappropriate content, reducing the risk of malware infections, and enforcing compliance with content access policies in network environments. |
| SSH Tunneling | SSH tunneling, also known as SSH port forwarding, is a technique that allows secure communication between two networked devices through an SSH connection. It encapsulates network traffic within an encrypted SSH tunnel, protecting data confidentiality and integrity. SSH tunneling enables secure access to network resources or services, even over untrusted networks, by establishing a secure communication channel between the client and the server. SSH tunneling enhances network security and privacy by encrypting data transmission and preventing eavesdropping or interception. |
| BGP Flowspec (Border Gateway Protocol Flowspec) | BGP Flowspec is an extension to the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) used for traffic filtering and mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. It allows network administrators to define rules that match specific traffic flows and take actions, such as dropping, rate limiting, or redirecting traffic. BGP Flowspec enhances network security by providing fine-grained control over traffic flows and enabling rapid response to DDoS attacks, improving network availability and mitigating the impact of such attacks. |
| 802.1AE (MACsec) | 802.1AE, also known as MACsec (Media Access Control Security), is a security standard for wired Ethernet networks. It provides encryption and integrity protection for Ethernet frames, ensuring secure communication between network devices. 802.1AE operates at the MAC layer and can be used to secure connections between switches, routers, and other network devices. It prevents eavesdropping and unauthorized access to network traffic, enhancing the security of wired network infrastructure. |
| SSH Host-Based Authentication | SSH host-based authentication is a method of authenticating SSH connections based on the host’s identity rather than individual user credentials. It verifies the authenticity of the SSH server host, ensuring that clients connect to the intended server and not an imposter. SSH host-based authentication enhances security by preventing man-in-the-middle attacks and protecting against unauthorized access to SSH services. It is commonly used in server environments where host identity verification is crucial. |
| IEEE 802.11w (Protected Management Frames) | IEEE 802.11w, also known as PMF (Protected Management Frames), is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless networks. It provides protection against forged or manipulated management frames, enhancing the security of wireless communication. IEEE 802.11w mitigates attacks that target management frames, such as deauthentication or disassociation attacks, improving the overall security and reliability of Wi-Fi networks. |
| DANE (DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities) | DANE is a security protocol that uses DNS records to associate digital certificates with domain names, improving the security of SSL/TLS connections. DANE allows domain owners to specify which certificate authorities (CAs) are authorized to issue certificates for their domains, reducing the risk of certificate misissuance and man-in-the-middle attacks. DANE enhances the trustworthiness and authenticity of SSL/TLS connections, providing an additional layer of security for secure web communications. |
| VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) Security | VLAN security involves implementing security measures to protect virtual LANs (VLANs) from unauthorized access and potential security risks. It includes techniques such as VLAN access control, VLAN segmentation, and VLAN tagging to ensure that only authorized users and devices can access specific VLANs and prevent VLAN hopping or unauthorized communication between VLANs. VLAN security enhances network segmentation and isolates network traffic, improving overall network security and reducing the impact of potential security breaches. |
